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NFL_1992
Copyright @1992 Thomas C. Kerr
All rights reserved
1.0 INTRODUCTION
NFL_1992 for Windows 3.x is owned and distributed by:
Thomas C. Kerr
5348 Black Oak
Fairfax, VA 22032
NFL_1992 is a menu driven Windows 3.x application that allows you to
predict, track, and update NFL football games. The 1992 NFL game
schedule per week is stored within the NFL_1992 data files. The files
also contain estimates of the offensive / defensive scoring strengths
of each of the teams. The initial offensive and defensive ratings for
each team are based on the combined scores of all 1991 regular season
and playoff games. As the season wears on, and you use the program to
enter 1992 pre-season and regular season games, the ratings estimates
and actual game scores are saved in TEAMS.DAT and GAMES.DAT every time
you choose to update its databases.
Each week, it will take you approximately two or three minutes to enter
Sunday's game scores. The program then updates its estimates of each
team's offensive and defensive ratings and is immediately ready to
predict next week's scheduled games or any "what if" game you are
curious about. You can immediately see the new NFC and AFC conference
standings without waiting for Monday morning's sports page or the
evening news.
The program is very simple to describe. It's colorful, and it's fun.
Playing with it sure beats mowing the grass on Sunday afternoon, or
thinking about work I should've done this weekend. I started running
an early version of this program during the 1982 season - a Franklin
1000, Apple Basic and a green 25x40 Elephant monitor. MS-DOS, "C",
and color windows certainly are more fun.
Again, the program is very simple. It processes game scores and
maintains a simple, two parameter database on each team. The data
can be used to predict the outcome of next week's games. Based on
statistics, the program should predict 70% of the games correctly
between now and infinity. Typically, over the last nine seasons,
the predictions have been pretty consistent in picking 9 to 10
winners per week out of 14 games. For three years, I tried some
pretty sophisticated, numerical analysis techniques to improve the
accuracy. I tracked team performance, in terms of offensive and
defensive ratings, as a function of whether the teams were on the
road or at home. I tried Dow-Jones type time series analysis -
moving averages and weighted moving averages based on the last two
weeks, three weeks, four weeks ... nine weeks, etc. By the time
I was done, I had "successfully" lowered my prediction rate to low
sixties. The more complicated I made the model or the more parameters
I added for model sophistication, the worse I did. Finally, I gave
up and went back to the two parameter model -- how does each team
perform, offensively and defensively, relative to the average NFL
team performance of 21 points scored per game.
Over the course of a season, NFL teams average 21 points scored per
game. And typically, a team that puts 28 points on the board per
week and limits the other guy to 14 points per week generally comes
out ahead of the team that puts 14 points on the board while giving
up 28 points. In simple terms, that's the line taken by the predictions.
When you stop and think about all the sophisticated statistics the
commentators quote, they don't really do any better. Average points
scored on the road in the fourth quarter - percentage of third down
conversions - turnover ratio - number of real blonde cheerleaders
between the 20-40 yard line markers. Statistically, the best team
seems to win about 70% of the time - the rest of the time, it's a
crap shoot. And there's always one week per season when almost
every division leading team loses.
2.0 HOW IT WORKS
NFL_1992 begins by reading two data files (TEAMS.DAT & GAMES.DAT)
into memory. After that, all predictions and updates to team rankings
and team ratings occur only in memory, unless you specifically choose
to save the updates to the databases. The main menu has five choices:
Update, Display, Predict, Print, or Input Playoffs.
3.0 UPDATE
There are four options listed on the Update menu:
Single Game
Weekly Games
Revise Scores
New 1992 season
Update mode is used to enter or revise scores of games that have
been played - single game scores, such as playoff games and pre-
season games - or an entire week's worth of scheduled games by
filling in a program displayed form. These different modes are
described in more detail below.
3.1 Single game
A dialog box opens. A listbox displays the list of all NFL teams.
A two line form is displayed which allows you to select two teams
input their scores. Data arrays in memory are updated with respect
to offensive and defensive ratings. This mode of update is designed
for use in pre-season games and what-if games. It should NOT
be used for regular season scheduled games. For that reason, team
win-loss-tie records and NFC/AFC conference standings are not updated
as a result of single game entry, even if you later choose to save
the database updates. Pre-season and what-if game outcomes do not
effect team standings within the conference divisions. Only the
team offensive / defensive ratings are updated. These are the
data elements that are used to predict subsequent game outcomes.
3.2 Weekly games
A window opens and displays a form listing the entire week's scheduled
games. The cursor positions automatically to game #1 - team #1's score.
NFC/AFC conference standings, team offensive and defensive ratings,
and win/loss records are updated based on the entered game scores.
The program also displays data on how many winners it correctly
predicted for the week as well as how many you predicted correctly,
if you previously chose to disagree with its predictions.
3.3 Revise Scores
OOPS! You can always correct scores for any regular season or post
season game score that was entered incorrectly. (There's no way
my software did that!) A window opens and displays last week's
recorded scores in a "Weekly Games" type form. You can correct
any or all of the previously entered scores.
Any time this option is invoked and scores are updated, the program
automatically "replays" all subsequent game weeks and updates the
ratings and rankings by reapplying all game outcomes in the correct
chronological order.
3.4 New 1992 season
If all else fails, you can always throw away all previously entered
game data and start the whole 1992 season over from week #1. For
safety's sake, this choice requires a confirmation. There's no
recovery from a YES unless you have saved or renamed a copy of
the database files beforehand. Actually, this option zeroes all
previously entered game scores and resets team strengths back to
those at the end of the 1991 season, as retrieved from the file
"TEAMS.0". If the file cannot be found, all teams strengths are
reset to 21 + 21 = 42; i.e., all teams equal.
4.0 DISPLAY
There are six display options listed on the Display menu:
Results
NFC Standings
AFC Standings
Ratings
Schedules
Report Card
4.1 Results
A window opens and displays the scores of last week's games.
Selecting push buttons of "Previous" or "Next" allows you to
display the results of other weeks.
4.2 NFC Standings
A window opens and displays the current win-loss-tie records of all
NFC teams for the East, Central, and West Divisions.
4.3 AFC Standings
A window opens and displays the current win-loss-tie records of all
AFC teams for the East, Central, and West Divisions.
4.4 Ratings
A window opens and displays the program's estimates of the relative
strengths of all 28 NFL teams by adding the offensive and defensive
ratings. Highest number total is the best. These are the numbers
that are juggled when you ask for a single game or weekly games
prediction.
4.5 Schedules
A window opens and displays the schedule for next week's games.
Selecting push buttons of "Previous" or "Next" allows you to display
the schedule for other weeks.
4.6 Report Card
A window opens and displays data for each week of the season relative
to how many games the program has predicted correctly versus how
many winners you have predicted correctly.
5.0 PREDICT
There are three options listed on the Predict menu:
Single Game
Weekly Games
Season Outcome
5.1 Single Game
A dialog box opens. A listbox displays the list of all NFL teams.
A two line form is displayed which allows you to select two teams.
The predicted score of the game is displayed. This mode is designed
for use in pre-season games and what-if games.
5.2 Weekly Games
A window opens and displays the predicted outcomes of all next
weekend's scheduled games based on the current offense/defense
ratings in memory. Obviously, this mode is designed for regular
season games. The program then allows you agree or disagree with
any of the predictions. Checkboxes allow you to mark which game
winner predictions you agree with versus disagree with. An " X "
means you agree. The program automatically keeps track of how well
you do and how well it does as the weekly scores are entered. The
<Display> <Report Card> option is used to see how well we both
perform over the season.
5.3 Season Outcome
A window opens and displays the current projections for NFC and
AFC championship playoffs and the Superbowl based on current
teams ratings played throughout the remaining regular season game
schedule. The idea is: If all remaining games end as predicted,
who's going to win each division, and then each conference, and
then the Superbowl. LIMITATIONS: This function does not pay
any attention YET to the realities of what teams made the playoffs
and what teams have been eliminated during playoffs. Once the
playoff games have been scheduled, this option is no longer valid.
6.0 Input Playoffs
A dialog box opens. A listbox displays the list of all NFL teams.
A form is displayed which allows you to select the teams. NFL
playoffs are based on four weeks of playoff games:
Playoff Round #1 (Wildcards) - 4 games (Week #18)
Conference Playoffs - 4 games (Week #19)
Conference Championships - 2 games (Week #20)
SuperBowl XXVII - 1 games (Week #21)
After each playoff round has been scheduled (i.e., games input in
terms of which teams are playing), the playoff round weeks can be
predicted, displayed, updated, etc. just like any week of the
regular season. All the functions of NFL_1992 work for the playoff
round weeks, after you have input the schedule.
The program allows you to input playoff games any time after week #10.
No error checking is performed. However, the program allows you to
enter and re-enter playoff games for any round UNTIL the scores for
that round have been entered via <Update> <Weekly Games>.
7.0 STRATEGY OF USE
The version of databases that comes with the program reflect the
outcome of all 1991 regular season and post season games all the
way through SuperBowl XXVII.
Obviously, player retirements, trades, and college draft choices as
well as coaching changes will effect next season. But, usually the
first two or three pre-season games are "don't care" games where
the coaching staffs are just trying to size up their newcomers and
walk-ons before they have to start cutting down incrementally to
the final 44-45 man roster. Personally, I recommend NOT using the
program and NOT updating databases until the last week or so of
pre-season games. Use single game predictions and single game
updates for the final week of pre-season. Then go for it. My
experience is that it takes about four weeks total for the program
to get a pretty good handle on the teams - say - the last week of
pre-season and the first three regular weekend games. From then
on, what you see is what you get. The program performed best in
weeks 4 through 17 during 1991.
8.1 Ties
The program crunches integer Offense/Defense rating numbers. Some
games come out as predicted ties. With NFL overtimes, this will
almost never occur. But, in the NFL, the home team wins slightly
more than 60% of the time. Therefore, the program adds one point
to the home team score for all predicted ties as a "tie-breaker."
9.0 LICENSE AGREEMENT
No part of this computer program may be reproduced, transmitted,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any
language in any form or by any means, except as described in the
following license agreement, without obtaining the express prior
written consent of Thomas C. Kerr.
The use of NFL_1992 is subject to the following terms and conditions:
9.1 Title to Licensed Software
Title to the licensed software program is not transferred to the end
user. The end user is granted an exclusive license to use the software
on a SINGLE computer or computer workstation.
9.2 Copyright Protection
NFL_1992 is a copyrighted computer program. It is protected by the
copyright laws of the United States as well as by international law.
You may not make any changes or modifications to NFL_1992. You may
not decompile, disassemble, or otherwise reverse engineer the
computer program. Usage of NFL_1992 implies your agreement and
acceptance of the terms and conditions of this license agreement.
9.3 Limited Warranty
Thomas C. Kerr warrants only that the magnetic media on which the
NFL_1992 computer program is recorded and the limited documentation
provided with it are free from defects in materials and workmanship
under normal use.
Thomas C. Kerr does not warrant that the licensed software will meet
your requirements or that the operation of the software will be
uninterrupted or error-free. The limited warranty does not cover
any copy of the computer program which has been altered or changed
in any way. Further, the warranty does not cover any media or
documentation which has been subjected to abuse or damage by you
or others.
ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE LIMITED TO THE TERM OF EXPRESS
WARRANTIES.
Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty
last; so the above limitation may not apply to you. The warranties
set forth above are in lieu of any and all other express and/or
implied warranties, whether oral, written, or implied, and the
remedies set forth above are the sole and exclusive remedies.
9.4 Limitation of Liability
Thomas C. Kerr is not responsible for any problems or damage caused
by using the licensed software. This includes, but is not limited
to, computer hardware, computer software, operating systems, and
any computer or computing accessories. End users agree to hold
Thomas C. Kerr blameless for any problems arising from use of
NFL_1992.
Thomas C. Kerr SHALL NOT IN ANY CASE BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, OR OTHER SIMILAR DAMAGES
ARISING FROM ANY BREACH OF THE WARRANTIES EVEN IF THOMAS C. KERR
HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental
or consequential damages; so the above limitation may not apply to
you.
In no case shall Thomas C. Kerr's liability exceed the license fees
paid for the right to use NFL_1992.
9.5 Other
Operators of electronic bulletin board systems may post the shareware
version of NFL_1992 for downloading by their users without written
permission only as long as the above conditions are met.
9.6 CAVEATS (Fatherly Advice)
Do not use this program for gambling or betting. It just is not that
good. If it could consistently beat the line, I'd have already done
it, made my fortune, and retired. And you'd still be scanning the
bulletin boards for something else to download. I wrote it for fun.
Use it that way!